Espessura do músculo temporal como biomarcador funcional: uma revisão integrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34115/basrv10n2-004Keywords:
sarcopenia, músculo temporal, biomarcadores, ultrassonografia, envelhecimentoAbstract
Introdução: A espessura do músculo temporal (TMT), avaliada por ultrassonografia, tomografia computadorizada ou ressonância magnética, tem sido proposta como biomarcador funcional simples e de baixo custo, com aplicações em múltiplas condições clínicas. Objetivo: Sintetizar as evidências científicas indexadas no PubMed sobre a TMT como biomarcador funcional, agrupando os estudos por condição clínica e organizando a análise segundo o formato PICO. Métodos: Revisão integrativa baseada na busca "temporalis muscle thickness" no PubMed (729 registros de 1978 a 2026, 525 entre 2010 e 2026), da qual foram extraídos 47 estudos primários, revisões sistemáticas e metanálises representativos (2010–2026), categorizados em oito grupos temáticos. Resultados: A TMT associou-se à sarcopenia, ao envelhecimento e a condições endócrinas catabólicas (doença de Cushing); ao prognóstico oncológico e neurocirúrgico (glioblastoma, aneurismas intracranianos, hemorragia subaracnóidea), com evidências predominantemente favoráveis, porém não unânimes; a desfechos após acidente vascular cerebral (mortalidade, disfagia, estado funcional, força de preensão), incluindo mecanismos mediadores; ao estado nutricional em hemodiálise e pacientes acamados; à disfunção temporomandibular, ao bruxismo e à cefaleia tensional, com resposta mensurável a toxina botulínica, placas oclusais e agulhamento seco; ao declínio cognitivo, à demência e à fragilidade; a valores de referência normativos por idade e sexo; e ao desenvolvimento craniofacial pediátrico. Conclusão: A TMT constitui biomarcador funcional promissor, de fácil obtenção e baixo custo, particularmente em neurologia, oncologia e geriatria, mas a heterogeneidade metodológica entre estudos (pontos de corte, plano anatômico, método de imagem) ainda limita sua padronização e aplicação clínica rotineira.
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