Research on in-vitro living cell creation: from historical foundations to future assembloids
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34115/basrv9n2-015Keywords:
stem cells, assembloids, cell culture, organoids, synthetic biologyAbstract
The creation of living cells in-vitro has advanced from early 19th century culture methods to highly sophisticated systems capable of generating functional biological structures. Foundational developments, including aseptic culture techniques and the discovery of the Hayflick limit, set the stage for modern innovations. The emergence of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and CRISPR-Cas genome editing revolutionized the field by enabling patient specific reprogramming and precise genetic modification. These tools have enabled a shift from 2D monolayers to complex 3D platforms such as organoids, organs-on-chips, and 3D bioprinted tissues that more accurately mimic native physiology. These advances are accelerating applications in regenerative medicine, including the development of iPSC derived platelet products. Future priorities include enhancing multicellular complexity through assembloids, developing scalable biomanufacturing systems, and integrating artificial intelligence (AI) to advance personalized biomedical innovation.
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